Affricate (manner) - complete closure of the vocal tract as for plosives (q.v.) but with a release delayed so as to produce turbulence in the air flow

Alveolar (place) - tip or blade of the tongue articulates against the alveolar ridge

Alveopalatal (place) - tip or blade of the tongue articulates against the anterior part of the area just behind the alveolar ridge

Approximant (manner) - air flows unobstructed through the oral cavity

Aspirated (manner) - a short period of voicelessness after the release of a voiceless stop and before onset of vowel voicing

Back (vowel) - articulated with the tongue pulled toward the velum

Bilabial (place) - both lips come together

Central (vowel) - articulated with the tongue in a neutral position, neither pushed forward nor pulled back

Click (manner) - an oral ingressive sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum while the primary articulators close, then open to produce suction

Dental (place) - the tongue touches the front teeth

Ejective (manner) - simultaneous closure of the glottis and primary articulators with air from lungs pushing up on the glottis increasing pressure in the oral cavity

Flap (manner) - posterior of the apex of the tense tongue rapidly touches the palate, alveolar ridge, or other articulator

Fricative (manner) - produced with articulators close enough to create turbulence in the airflow

Front (vowel) - articulated with the tongue pushed forward

Glottal (place) - sound articulated at the glottis

High (vowel) - articulated with the tongue raised above a neutral position

Implosive (manner) - complete closure of the vocal tract combined with lowering of vibrating vocal cords producing lower air pressure in oral cavity

Labialized (manner) - any consonant sound produced with a concomitant rounding of the lips

Labiodental (place) - the lower lip touches the upper teeth

Labiovelar (place) - simultaneous articulation of the lips and the tongue toward or at the velum

Laryngealized (phonation) - cricoid cartilage in the larynx tilted forward thickening the vocal cords to produce creaky vibration

Lateral (manner) - air flows around one or both sides of the tongue

Lax (vowel) - articulated with the tongue muscles relaxed

Liquid (manner) - a sonorant consonant with partial closure of the oral cavity (laterals and rhotics)

Low (vowel) - articulated with the tongue and jaw lowered

Mid (vowel) - articulated with the tongue in mid, neutral position, neither high nor low

Murmured (phonation) - vocal cords are close and vibrating as for voiced (q.v.) but spread arytenoid cartilages allow for breathiness

Nasal (manner) - velum is pulled down and slightly forward allowing airflow to the nasal cavity as well as into the closed oral cavity

Nasalized (manner) - any sound produced with concomitant lowering of the velum

Non-lateral (manner) - any sound not produced with airflow around the side of the tongue

Non-nasalized (manner) - any sound produce without concomitant lowering of the velum

Non-prenasalized (manner) - any sound articulated without an immediately preceding lowering of the velum

Non-retroflex (manner) - any sound produced without the apex of the tongue being curled back toward the velum

Obstruent - sound produced with a major obstruction in the oral cavity (plosives, fricatives, affricates, and clicks)

Palatal (place) - the tongue touches the hard palate

Palatoalveolar (place) - tip or blade of the tongue articulates against the forward part of the palate behind the alveolar ridge

Pharyngeal (place) - produced with constricted pharynx

Plosive (manner) - produced by the release of complete closure of the vocal tract

Prenasalized (manner) - typically a voiced plosive immediately preceded by a lowering of the velum

Resonant - a sonorant (q.v.) consonant (nasals, liquids, approximants)

Retroflex (manner) - the apex of the tongue is curled back toward the velum

Rhotic (manner) - r-like consonants; articulated with tensed tongue muscles

Rounded (vowel) - articulated with concomitant rounding of the lips

Sonorant - sound produced without a major obstruction in the oral cavity (nasals, liquids, approximants, vowels)

Stop (manner) - produced by a complete blockage of air flow through the oral cavity

Tap (manner) - apex of the tense tongue rapidly touches the palate, alveolar ridge, or other articulator

Tense (vowel) - articulated with tongue muscles tensed

Trill (manner) - a tensed active articulator vibrates against another

Unaspirated (manner) - any sound produced without delayed onset of voicing

Unlabialized (manner) - any sound produced without concomitant involvement of the lips

Unrounded (vowel) - articulated without concomitant rounding of the lips

Uvular (place) - articulated with the back of the tongue against the uvula

Velar (place) - articulated with the back of the tongue against the soft palate

Voiced (phonation) - vocal cords are close, tense and vibrating and arytenoids are together

Voiceless (phonation) - vocal cords are apart and not vibrating