Affricate (manner) - complete closure of the vocal tract as for plosives (q.v.) but with a release delayed so as to produce turbulence in the air flow
Alveolar (place) - tip or blade of the tongue articulates against the alveolar ridge
Alveopalatal (place) - tip or blade of the tongue articulates against the anterior part of the area just behind the alveolar ridge
Approximant (manner) - air flows unobstructed through the oral cavity
Aspirated (manner) - a short period of voicelessness after the release of a voiceless stop and before onset of vowel voicing
Back (vowel) - articulated with the tongue pulled toward the velum
Bilabial (place) - both lips come together
Central (vowel) - articulated with the tongue in a neutral position, neither pushed forward nor pulled back
Click (manner) - an oral ingressive sound produced with the back of the tongue against the velum while the primary articulators close, then open to produce suction
Dental (place) - the tongue touches the front teeth
Ejective (manner) - simultaneous closure of the glottis and primary articulators with air from lungs pushing up on the glottis increasing pressure in the oral cavity
Flap (manner) - posterior of the apex of the tense tongue rapidly touches the palate, alveolar ridge, or other articulator
Fricative (manner) - produced with articulators close enough to create turbulence in the airflow
Front (vowel) - articulated with the tongue pushed forward
Glottal (place) - sound articulated at the glottis
High (vowel) - articulated with the tongue raised above a neutral position
Implosive (manner) - complete closure of the vocal tract combined with lowering of vibrating vocal cords producing lower air pressure in oral cavity
Labialized (manner) - any consonant sound produced with a concomitant rounding of the lips
Labiodental (place) - the lower lip touches the upper teeth
Labiovelar (place) - simultaneous articulation of the lips and the tongue toward or at the velum
Laryngealized (phonation) - cricoid cartilage in the larynx tilted forward thickening the vocal cords to produce creaky vibration
Lateral (manner) - air flows around one or both sides of the tongue
Lax (vowel) - articulated with the tongue muscles relaxed
Liquid (manner) - a sonorant consonant with partial closure of the oral cavity (laterals and rhotics)
Low (vowel) - articulated with the tongue and jaw lowered
Mid (vowel) - articulated with the tongue in mid, neutral position, neither high nor low
Murmured (phonation) - vocal cords are close and vibrating as for voiced (q.v.) but spread arytenoid cartilages allow for breathiness
Nasal (manner) - velum is pulled down and slightly forward allowing airflow to the nasal cavity as well as into the closed oral cavity
Nasalized (manner) - any sound produced with concomitant lowering of the velum
Non-lateral (manner) - any sound not produced with airflow around the side of the tongue
Non-nasalized (manner) - any sound produce without concomitant lowering of the velum
Non-prenasalized (manner) - any sound articulated without an immediately preceding lowering of the velum
Non-retroflex (manner) - any sound produced without the apex of the tongue being curled back toward the velum
Obstruent - sound produced with a major obstruction in the oral cavity (plosives, fricatives, affricates, and clicks)
Palatal (place) - the tongue touches the hard palate
Palatoalveolar (place) - tip or blade of the tongue articulates against the forward part of the palate behind the alveolar ridge
Pharyngeal (place) - produced with constricted pharynx
Plosive (manner) - produced by the release of complete closure of the vocal tract
Prenasalized (manner) - typically a voiced plosive immediately preceded by a lowering of the velum
Resonant - a sonorant (q.v.) consonant (nasals, liquids, approximants)
Retroflex (manner) - the apex of the tongue is curled back toward the velum
Rhotic (manner) - r-like consonants; articulated with tensed tongue muscles
Rounded (vowel) - articulated with concomitant rounding of the lips
Sonorant - sound produced without a major obstruction in the oral cavity (nasals, liquids, approximants, vowels)
Stop (manner) - produced by a complete blockage of air flow through the oral cavity
Tap (manner) - apex of the tense tongue rapidly touches the palate, alveolar ridge, or other articulator
Tense (vowel) - articulated with tongue muscles tensed
Trill (manner) - a tensed active articulator vibrates against another
Unaspirated (manner) - any sound produced without delayed onset of voicing
Unlabialized (manner) - any sound produced without concomitant involvement of the lips
Unrounded (vowel) - articulated without concomitant rounding of the lips
Uvular (place) - articulated with the back of the tongue against the uvula
Velar (place) - articulated with the back of the tongue against the soft palate
Voiced (phonation) - vocal cords are close, tense and vibrating and arytenoids are together
Voiceless (phonation) - vocal cords are apart and not vibrating